San Miguel de Tucumán

Argentina's declaration of independence was signed in this northern city on 9 July 1816, earning San Miguel de Tucumán the nickname "Cradle of Argentine Independence" and making it symbolically the country's capital for two days each year by national decree. Founded in 1565 by Spanish conquistador Diego de Villarroel, the city sits near the Salí River with mountains visible on the horizon, and its centre offers a dense, walkable café and restaurant scene.

• Population548,866
• Nearest water from center 2.7 km1.7 mi
• Nearest mountain from center 17 km11 mi